Anxiety disorders are common in companion cats but frequently misdiagnosed as behavioural problems, leaving millions of cats experiencing chronic psychological distress without appropriate treatment.
Feline anxiety disorders cause significant and often prolonged suffering that is invisible to owners who interpret signs as wilfulness or disobedience. A cat urinating outside the litter box due to anxiety is experiencing psychological distress — punishing this behaviour increases anxiety and worsens welfare. Over-grooming to the point of hair loss and skin damage is a physical manifestation of psychological pain. Hiding and reduced interaction represent a withdrawal that indicates chronic stress. Treatment requires identifying and addressing stressors — particularly inter-cat conflict, unpredictable routines, and insufficient hiding space — alongside pheromone or pharmacological support in severe cases. Veterinary behaviourist referral provides the most effective welfare outcomes.