Farmed Animals

Laying Hen Keel Bone Fractures

Keel bone fractures are the most common welfare problem in laying hens, affecting the majority of birds in many production systems.

Key Facts

50-80% of laying hens in cage-free and aviary systems have keel bone fractures
The keel bone supports flight muscles and fractures are often painful
Fractures occur from collisions with equipment and from jumping between levels
High-producing hens may have calcium-deficient bones making them more fracture-prone

Welfare Considerations

Keel bone fractures represent a serious and widespread welfare problem that emerged unexpectedly as the industry transitioned away from cages. The higher activity levels in cage-free systems benefit hens in many ways but increase fracture risk. Research into housing design, genetics and management that reduces fractures while maintaining other welfare benefits is urgently needed.

What You Can Do

Support research into keel bone fracture prevention
Choose eggs from farms using fracture-prevention housing designs
Advocate for keel bone health as a welfare metric in certification schemes
Engage with the ongoing cage-free transition to ensure it delivers real welfare gains