Wild bee populations are declining dramatically worldwide, with welfare implications for billions of individual bees and cascading ecosystem effects.
Individual wild bees experience the direct effects of pesticide exposure — disorientation, impaired navigation, paralysis and death. Neonicotinoid pesticides cause sublethal effects that prevent successful foraging and colony reproduction. As sentient animals with complex behaviors and navigational abilities, bees experience the welfare consequences of environmental degradation at an individual level across enormous numbers.