Pangasius (striped catfish) is one of the fastest-growing aquaculture sectors globally, with production centered in Vietnam's Mekong Delta. Welfare and sustainability concerns surround this widely exported fish.
Pangasius welfare presents particular challenges because their physiological hardiness allows survival in conditions that would be unacceptable for other species, masking welfare compromise. The ability to breathe atmospheric air means pangasius tolerate dissolved oxygen levels that cause behavioral and physiological stress in other fish — but tolerance is not welfare. High stocking densities cause aggression, fin damage, and chronic stress despite survival. Slaughter typically involves ice slurry without prior stunning — a practice that prolongs the dying process. Antibiotic use to manage bacterial disease in crowded conditions drives resistance and indicates underlying welfare-compromising stress. ASC certification and GlobalG.A.P. aquaculture standards have improved practices among certified producers, but uncertified production — the majority — operates without meaningful welfare oversight.