Colic is the leading cause of death in horses, encompassing a range of abdominal conditions from mild discomfort to life-threatening emergencies. Prompt recognition and response are essential to minimising suffering.
Colic causes significant acute suffering ranging from mild discomfort to extreme pain in life-threatening cases. The welfare imperative is to recognise signs early, call a veterinarian promptly, and provide appropriate pain relief as quickly as possible. Walking a mildly colicking horse can provide temporary comfort but should not replace veterinary assessment. For surgical cases, the decision to operate must be made quickly — delayed referral significantly worsens survival rates and prolongs suffering. Prevention through consistent feeding routines, adequate water provision, parasite management, and dental care reduces colic incidence. Horses on sandy pasture benefit from regular psyllium supplementation to prevent sand accumulation.