The gut microbiome plays a central role in pet health, immunity, and behaviour. Diet is the primary modifiable influence on microbiome composition, with significant welfare implications for companion animals.
Gut microbiome science is transforming our understanding of companion animal health and behaviour. A diverse, well-nourished microbiome supports immune resilience, reduces inflammatory disease risk, and may influence behavioural health through the gut-brain axis. Ultra-processed diets with limited dietary fibre, frequent antibiotic use, and lack of environmental microbial exposure are all associated with reduced microbiome diversity and health. Welfare-conscious feeding involves providing high-quality, appropriately varied diets with adequate fibre content, avoiding unnecessary antibiotics, and consulting vets before making major dietary changes. The field is rapidly evolving — owners should seek evidence-based guidance rather than following marketing claims.