Litter quality in broiler sheds has a direct impact on the health and welfare of billions of chickens worldwide. Poor litter causes painful hock burns, footpad lesions and respiratory disease.
Litter quality is one of the most tractable welfare interventions in broiler production because the management levers are well-understood and relatively low-cost. Dry, friable litter with low ammonia content dramatically reduces footpad lesions and hock burns. Key management factors include stocking density, ventilation, drinker management to prevent water spillage, and litter material choice. The welfare significance of footpad lesions is often underappreciated — these are painful ulcers that affect mobility and cause chronic pain. Scoring systems for footpad lesions at slaughter are now used in several countries as mandatory welfare feedback mechanisms, creating accountability for producers. Consumer-facing welfare certifications also increasingly specify litter quality standards.