Older dogs face a range of age-related health and cognitive changes that require adapted care. Recognising and addressing these changes significantly improves quality of life in the senior years.
The welfare of ageing dogs represents one of the most meaningful areas of companion animal care, both because of the profound human-animal bond involved and because the interventions available can substantially extend comfortable, happy life. Cognitive dysfunction syndrome is significantly underdiagnosed because owners attribute behavioural changes to normal ageing rather than a treatable condition. Pain from osteoarthritis is similarly undertreated because dogs often mask pain until it is severe. A proactive approach to senior dog welfare — regular pain assessment, cognitive enrichment, environmental adaptation and appropriate medication — can add years of good quality life. End-of-life decisions, while difficult, are also a welfare consideration: euthanasia to prevent unnecessary suffering is an important option that should be discussed openly with veterinarians.