The farrowing and early lactation period is one of the most physically demanding times for sows. Understanding post-farrowing welfare helps improve both sow health and piglet survival.
Post-farrowing welfare encompasses both sow and piglet needs that are sometimes in tension. Farrowing crates reduce piglet crushing but severely restrict sow movement and prevent natural nesting behaviour — a highly motivated behaviour in sows that, when frustrated, causes significant distress. MMA syndrome causes pain, fever, and reduced milk production, requiring prompt veterinary intervention. High-welfare farrowing systems provide nesting material, allow freedom of movement while using spatial design to reduce crushing risk, and include monitoring for MMA. Recovery nutrition, post-partum analgesia, and stockperson vigilance during the first 48 hours are critical welfare interventions.