Outdoor pig production allows expression of natural rooting, foraging, and social behaviour, but also presents weather, predator, and management challenges that require careful attention to maintain good welfare.
Outdoor pig production represents one of the most welfare-positive commercial systems available for pigs. Access to rooting substrate satisfies one of the pig's most highly motivated behaviours; outdoor sows show dramatically reduced stereotypic behaviour and stress-related responses compared to confined counterparts. However, outdoor systems require higher management skill and vigilance. Neonatal hypothermia during cold or wet weather is a leading cause of piglet mortality; arcs must be bedded, positioned correctly, and checked regularly. Sow body condition management, parasite control, and water provision in summer heat are ongoing challenges. Well-managed outdoor systems demonstrate that commercial pig production can align with high welfare standards.