Hoof care is fundamental to horse welfare, and the debate between shod and barefoot management has welfare implications for millions of horses globally. Understanding hoof biomechanics and terrain requirements helps owners make informed decisions.
Hoof welfare is central to overall horse welfare because hoof pain causes lameness that impairs movement, restricts normal behaviour, and reduces quality of life. The decision between shoeing and barefoot management should be based on the individual horse's work demands, hoof quality, terrain, and health history rather than ideology. Both approaches can support good welfare when implemented correctly. The most important welfare factors are regular farriery by a skilled professional, prompt treatment of hoof problems, appropriate diet that avoids laminitis risk, and adequate movement on varied terrain. Neglected hooves — overgrown, imbalanced, or infected — cause chronic pain that is entirely preventable with appropriate care.