Canine cognitive dysfunction affects millions of older dogs. Cognitive rehabilitation and enrichment programmes can slow decline and significantly improve quality of life.
Dogs with unrecognised or poorly managed cognitive dysfunction experience significant distress: they become confused in familiar environments, lose house training, suffer disrupted sleep, and may become anxious or withdrawn. Their owners often attribute early signs to normal ageing and delay seeking help. Early diagnosis and intervention offers the best outcomes. Cognitive rehabilitation involves structured mental stimulation through novel scent games, gentle puzzle feeders, slow walking in varied environments, and careful social engagement. These activities maintain neural connections and provide positive experiences. Managing owner expectations is also critical; CDS is progressive, and the goal is to maximise quality of life at each stage, with clear guidance on welfare assessment and end-of-life decision making.