Sitatungas are shy, semi-aquatic antelopes from Central African swamps. Their specialized habitat requirements and nervous temperament make zoo management a delicate welfare challenge.
Zoo sitatungas present welfare challenges centered on their need for security, appropriate substrate, and access to water. Animals housed in dry, open enclosures without adequate cover show chronic vigilance and fear responses that compromise welfare. Their splayed hooves require soft, moist substrate to prevent hoof overgrowth and deformity that causes pain and lameness. Being startled in a confined space can trigger explosive flight responses resulting in serious injury. Best-practice sitatunga husbandry involves providing large, vegetated enclosures with water features, shallow boggy areas for natural hoof wear, and minimal keeper intrusions. Behavioral observation is essential to detect early signs of stress.