European sea bass is a major Mediterranean aquaculture species whose welfare is increasingly scrutinized as production volume grows and welfare science advances.
European sea bass welfare research has demonstrated that this species experiences pain and stress in ways that are morally significant. High stocking densities in production cages create chronic social stress and physical injury from aggression. Slaughter by live chilling — the most common method in Mediterranean sea bass production — places conscious fish into ice water where they struggle and remain aware for several minutes. Electrical stunning before slaughter is technically feasible, effective, and should become the standard. EU aquaculture welfare regulations are developing in this direction. Consumer demand for higher welfare certified sea bass from markets in Italy, Greece, Spain, and beyond can accelerate the transition.