Colic is the leading cause of death in horses. While some causes are unavoidable, many colic episodes are preventable through evidence-based management practices.
Colic pain ranges from mild discomfort to excruciating agony depending on the cause. Gas colic causes acute but often self-resolving pain. Large colon torsion causes such severe pain that horses may self-injure trying to relieve it, and is rapidly fatal without surgery. Prevention through management rather than treatment is the most welfare-impactful approach. Continuous access to forage, fresh water at all times (including in winter), gradual feed changes, regular exercise, and routine dental care (to ensure adequate chewing) address the most common preventable causes. Owners who recognize early colic signs and seek prompt veterinary attention save many horses that would otherwise die from delayed treatment.