Sweet itch is a severe allergic skin condition caused by hypersensitivity to midge bites in horses. It causes intense itching, self-trauma, and significant chronic suffering if unmanaged.
Sweet itch causes profound and often year-round suffering in severely affected horses. The compulsive rubbing behaviour triggered by intense pruritus leads to self-inflicted wounds, secondary infections, chronic skin thickening, and permanent hair loss in affected areas. The condition is chronic and progressive without appropriate management, significantly reducing quality of life. Effective management requires a multi-pronged approach combining physical barriers through midge-proof rugs and mesh, environmental modification to reduce midge populations, appropriate stabling routines, and medical management of inflammation and secondary infections. The psychological impact on chronically itchy horses, including frustration and anxiety, should be recognised as part of the overall welfare picture. Early diagnosis and intervention before severe sensitisation develops improves long-term management outcomes.