Sitatungas are shy, semi-aquatic antelopes from central African forests and swamps. Their specialised habitat needs make them distinctive zoo residents with specific welfare requirements.
Sitatunga welfare in zoo settings requires enclosure design that accommodates their semi-aquatic tendencies and shy, easily-startled nature. Shallow water features that allow wading and wallowing behaviour are important for behavioural expression and thermoregulation. Enclosure substrate should include soft, varied ground that does not cause hoof problems, as their elongated hooves are adapted to soft substrates rather than hard surfaces. The shy temperament of sitatungas means that visitor exposure, noise, and activity in adjacent areas can cause chronic stress if enclosure design does not provide adequate visual screening and retreat areas. Browse diversity that includes aquatic vegetation where possible enriches both the diet and the natural behaviour expression of these specialist feeders.