Sheep keds, lice, and other external parasites cause significant irritation, reduced production, and welfare harm in sheep flocks. Integrated management reduces both parasite burden and treatment-related harm.
External parasites cause chronic discomfort in sheep that significantly affects behaviour and productivity. Pruritic sheep spend excessive time scratching and rubbing, have disrupted feeding patterns, and show stress-related behavioural changes. Heavy infestations cause anaemia and debilitation in younger or immunocompromised animals. The welfare response prioritises accurate diagnosis, timely shearing to mechanically reduce ked populations, and targeted chemical treatment for confirmed heavy infestations. Rotation of chemical classes and resistance monitoring prevent the development of treatment failures that would compromise long-term welfare management. Welfare and sustainability goals align in reducing unnecessary chemical inputs through integrated approaches.