Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is the canine analogue of Alzheimer's disease, affecting a significant proportion of senior dogs. Early recognition and multi-modal management support quality of life.
CCD causes genuine suffering that is frequently attributed to normal ageing rather than a treatable condition. Disorientation, anxiety, disrupted sleep-wake cycles, and the loss of learned behaviours affect both the dog's quality of life and their relationship with owners. Dogs that appear confused, distressed at night, or anxious in familiar settings deserve clinical assessment rather than dismissal. Treatment is not curative but can slow progression and manage symptoms. Sleep disturbance causing nighttime restlessness affects both dog and owner welfare. Environmental predictability, gentle sensory enrichment, and maintaining familiar routines support cognitive function. End-of-life decisions in CCD require ongoing quality of life assessment.