Pangolin captive care has historically been characterised by high mortality. Research into their physiological and behavioural needs is advancing welfare management for conservation breeding.
Pangolin welfare research represents an attempt to develop the knowledge base needed to keep these animals alive in captivity — currently a significant challenge. The high historical mortality reflects fundamental knowledge gaps about dietary requirements, stress triggers, and health monitoring for a species that is impossible to study easily in the wild. Progress has been made: specialist diet formulations that replicate the complex microbial and chemical composition of termite and ant prey are improving survival; stress-reduction protocols that minimise handling and provide appropriate hiding structure are reducing acute mortality; and some facilities are achieving multi-year survival. However, the welfare bar for pangolins in captivity remains whether individual welfare can be adequately met before conservation necessity justifies the attempt.