Farrowing crates severely restrict sow movement for weeks around birth, and loose farrowing systems that protect piglets while allowing sow freedom are increasingly viable alternatives.
Farrowing crates cause significant welfare deprivation to sows by preventing movement, nesting, and postural adjustment for up to five weeks around birth. The frustration of the nesting impulse pre-farrowing is particularly acute. Loose farrowing systems with well-designed anti-crush features and adequate space achieve good piglet survival when managed by skilled stockpersons. The transition to loose farrowing requires investment in housing design, staff training, and management intensity, but represents a major long-term welfare improvement for millions of breeding sows.