Horse Cushing's Disease: Welfare and Management

Equine Cushing's disease (PPID) is the most common endocrine disorder in older horses, causing laminitis, immune suppression, and muscle loss — all with significant welfare implications.

Key Facts

PPID affects approximately 15-20% of horses over 15 years of age
Caused by dysfunction of the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland leading to excess ACTH production
Classic signs include hirsutism (curly coat), pot-bellied appearance, muscle wastage, and increased drinking
PPID is a major risk factor for laminitis, one of the most painful equine conditions
Pergolide mesylate is an effective medication that significantly improves welfare in diagnosed horses

Welfare Considerations

PPID is a welfare crisis for many older horses who are undiagnosed and consequently suffer preventable laminitis, recurring infections from immune suppression, and muscle pain from chronic wasting. Recognition of the curly coat (hypertrichosis) should trigger immediate veterinary assessment and ACTH testing, particularly in autumn when levels naturally peak. Horses on pergolide show significant quality-of-life improvements, but medication must be titrated and monitored. Diet management is critical: low-sugar forage is essential to reduce laminitis risk. Horses with uncontrolled PPID are in chronic pain and are often overlooked because signs develop gradually and are attributed to "old age."

What You Can Do

Have older horses (over 15) tested annually for PPID, especially in autumn when diagnosis is easiest
Learn the signs of PPID — curly coat retained beyond summer, pot belly, increased urination — and act promptly
Ensure horses with PPID receive low-sugar diet management alongside medical treatment