Bears in captivity frequently develop stereotypic behaviours including repetitive pacing and head-swaying that indicate severe welfare compromise in barren environments.
Captive bears have historically been among the worst-housed zoo animals, confined in bare concrete pits with minimal stimulation. The pacing stereotypies that result — often covering many kilometres per day in repetitive circuits — are indicators of profound psychological suffering. Even in improved modern facilities, the gulf between captive and wild life for a species that ranges widely remains vast. High-quality bear welfare requires complex habitats, daily foraging enrichment, hibernation opportunities for temperate species, and social housing where appropriate. Zoos should honestly assess whether they can meet these needs.