Horse Equine Metabolic Syndrome and Diet

Equine metabolic syndrome is a hormonal disorder causing dangerous insulin dysregulation in horses, with laminitis as its most serious consequence.

Key Facts

Equine metabolic syndrome affects an estimated 20-30% of horses in leisure and sport populations
EMS involves insulin dysregulation, abnormal fat deposits and laminitis susceptibility
Native and pony breeds are most susceptible due to thrifty genetics adapted for sparse environments
Management involves strict grazing restriction, low-sugar diet and exercise where safe
Weight loss in overweight horses significantly improves insulin sensitivity and reduces laminitis risk

Welfare Considerations

Equine metabolic syndrome causes chronic welfare compromise through the ongoing risk of laminitis, which causes acute severe pain. Many horses with EMS live in a state of managed risk, requiring lifelong dietary restriction that frustrates natural grazing behaviour. Owners often resist or delay diagnosis because dietary management requires significant lifestyle changes. The welfare of an EMS horse depends on rigorous adherence to low-sugar dietary protocols, regular veterinary monitoring and appropriate exercise where laminitis status permits. Early diagnosis before laminitis develops prevents the most serious welfare consequences.

What You Can Do

Have horses with abnormal fat deposits or laminitis history tested for EMS
Restrict grazing on rich pasture and provide low-sugar hay for EMS horses
Work with your vet to develop an EMS management plan including exercise guidelines
Learn to recognise laminitis signs early — digital pulse, foot heat, reluctance to move