Horse Respiratory Health and COPD: Managing Equine Heaves

Equine asthma (previously called COPD or heaves) is a common and debilitating respiratory condition in horses, significantly affecting performance and quality of life.

Key Facts

Equine asthma affects up to 14% of horses, with highest prevalence in stabled, older animals
It is triggered by allergens in hay, dust, straw, and mould spores
Signs include chronic cough, nasal discharge, exercise intolerance, and in severe cases laboured breathing at rest
The condition is managed not cured — environmental management is the cornerstone of treatment
Soaked or haylage hay, rubber mats instead of straw, and outdoor living dramatically reduce signs
Bronchodilators and corticosteroids provide relief but do not address the underlying environmental triggers

Welfare Considerations

Horses with equine asthma experience genuine respiratory distress, which in severe cases involves laboured breathing at rest and the "heave line" — visible abdominal muscle hypertrophy from chronic effort. This is a significant welfare concern. Many horses live in high-dust environments purely for management convenience, when simple changes could dramatically reduce suffering. Welfare-centred management prioritises environmental modification: soaked forage, good ventilation, rubber flooring, and outdoor turnover are not optional extras but essential welfare interventions.

What You Can Do

Soak hay or feed haylage/humidified forage to horses with respiratory signs
Maximise turnout time and stable ventilation — fresh air is the primary treatment
Switch from straw to rubber mats or low-dust bedding alternatives
Work with your vet to develop an environmental management plan before relying on medication alone
Monitor horses for early signs: recurrent cough after exercise or in the morning