Gestation crates confine pregnant sows so tightly they cannot turn around. Their phase-out is one of the most significant recent advances in farmed animal welfare.
Gestation crates represent one of the most extreme examples of farm animal suffering: physically healthy animals confined so tightly they cannot engage in any natural movement for months at a time. The psychological and physical toll is severe — muscle atrophy, stereotypic behaviours, and frustration are consistent findings. Transitioning to group housing systems with appropriate space, feeding systems that reduce competition, and environmental enrichment represents a profound welfare improvement. The phase-out of gestation crates demonstrates that consumer pressure and legislative action can achieve meaningful welfare reform.