Ducks are waterbirds with strong motivations for water access and preening. Commercial duck farming frequently denies these fundamental needs, causing significant welfare deficits.
Duck welfare without adequate water access represents a fundamental denial of species-specific needs. Ducks are waterbirds — their physiology, behaviour, and welfare depend on water in ways that differ fundamentally from chickens. Eye problems, poor feather condition, and frustration from blocked waterbird behaviours are consistent findings in systems providing only drinker access. The welfare case for providing at least showering or bathing access as a minimum, and swimming access as the higher-welfare standard, is robust. Consumer demand for higher-welfare duck products and retailer commitment to water access standards are the primary levers for change.