Colic is the leading cause of equine death and a major welfare concern. Prevention requires evidence-based management of feeding, water, exercise, and gastrointestinal health.
Colic causes intense acute pain and often requires emergency veterinary intervention. Welfare implications extend beyond the acute episode — horses with recurrent colic may develop chronic anxiety, reduced appetite, and learned helplessness around painful associations. Prevention is far preferable to treatment. Management changes including ad libitum hay access, slow introduction of feed changes, daily fresh water (minimum 30-50 litres), salt provision, regular dental care, strategic parasite control, and regular exercise significantly reduce risk. Owners and carers must be trained in early recognition of colic signs and establish relationships with equine veterinarians before emergencies arise. Post-colic management should include investigation of underlying causes rather than symptomatic treatment alone.