Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) affects an estimated 14-35% of dogs over 8 years. Recognising symptoms, seeking treatment, and adapting care maintains quality of life in affected dogs.
Canine cognitive dysfunction causes genuine disorientation and distress that represents a significant welfare concern in aged dogs. Dogs that are confused about their environment, disoriented in familiar spaces, and experiencing altered social recognition are likely experiencing anxiety and confusion that impairs welfare quality. The condition is frequently underdiagnosed because owners and veterinarians attribute symptoms to "normal ageing" rather than a treatable condition. Pharmaceutical management with selegiline combined with dietary support, environmental modification, and cognitive enrichment slows progression and maintains quality of life. The welfare obligation extends to monitoring the condition's progression and making honest assessments about quality of life as the disease advances. A dog that is chronically confused, unable to rest appropriately, or no longer experiencing positive interactions may be experiencing a welfare state that warrants end-of-life consideration.