Spider monkeys are highly mobile, socially complex primates whose welfare in captivity depends on extensive three-dimensional space and appropriate social grouping.
Spider monkey welfare in captivity is shaped by the profound mismatch between their highly mobile, socially fluid wild lifestyle and what any conventional enclosure can provide. These animals evolved to travel kilometres daily through complex three-dimensional forest canopy — the locomotor enrichment of even generous zoo enclosures is radically limited by comparison. The fission-fusion social structure of wild spider monkey groups means captive management must provide some social flexibility while maintaining group stability, a significant management challenge. Self-injurious behaviour in inadequately housed spider monkeys indicates severe psychological distress. Facilities that maintain large social groups in tall, complex arboreal enclosures come closest to meeting minimal welfare standards.