Polydactyly in Cats: Managing Extra Toes

Polydactyl cats have extra toes due to a genetic mutation. While often harmless, extra toes can cause welfare problems if nails grow into paw pads without proper care.

Key Facts

Polydactyly in cats is caused by a dominant gene mutation affecting limb development
Cats can have up to 28 toes instead of the normal 18
The condition is most common in certain geographic populations, particularly in Boston and maritime Canada
Ernest Hemingway kept many polydactyl cats — descendants still live at his Key West home
Extra toes are most commonly found on front feet
The condition is generally benign but requires specific nail care management

Welfare Considerations

Most polydactyl cats live normal, healthy lives, but the welfare challenge lies in nail care. Extra dewclaws and nails do not wear down naturally through normal activity and can grow in a circle, penetrating the paw pad and causing painful embedded nail syndrome. Regular nail trimming — more frequent than for normal cats — prevents this painful complication. Some polydactyl cats have nails in positions difficult to access. Owners should examine all extra toes regularly. Veterinarians should include polydactyl toe examination in routine health checks.

What You Can Do

Examine all toes including extra digits on polydactyl cats regularly
Trim extra toe nails every 2-3 weeks to prevent ingrowth
Inform your veterinarian about polydactyly so extra toes are checked at every visit
Seek immediate veterinary care if you notice embedded or ingrown nails
Appreciate that polydactyly itself is not a welfare problem when properly managed