Cushing's Disease in Dogs: Welfare Management

Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) is a common hormonal disorder in older dogs that causes chronic suffering if untreated. Management with appropriate medication significantly improves quality of life.

Key Facts

Cushing's disease is caused by excess cortisol, usually from a pituitary or adrenal tumor
Signs include increased thirst and urination, pot-bellied appearance, hair loss, and skin changes
Poodles, Dachshunds, Boston Terriers, and Boxers have elevated breed risk
Medical treatment with trilostane or mitotane controls cortisol production in most cases
Untreated Cushingoid dogs are highly susceptible to infections and blood clots
Regular monitoring of cortisol levels guides treatment adjustments

Welfare Considerations

Cushing's disease causes chronic discomfort through muscle weakness and wasting, persistent thirst and the urgency of frequent urination (often causing house-soiling distress), skin fragility, and increased infection susceptibility. The pot-bellied appearance from muscle weakness and abdominal fat redistribution impairs movement. Dogs with untreated Cushing's are at high risk of pulmonary thromboembolism — a life-threatening complication. Treatment with trilostane is generally well-tolerated and reverses many signs, significantly improving quality of life. Regular monitoring is essential as over-treatment can cause acute adrenal insufficiency.

What You Can Do

Seek veterinary diagnosis if your middle-aged or senior dog shows increased thirst and a pot-bellied appearance
Follow treatment and monitoring protocols carefully for dogs on Cushing's medication
Monitor for signs of over-treatment including weakness, vomiting, and loss of appetite
Maintain dental and skin hygiene — Cushingoid dogs have reduced infection resistance
Use quality of life assessments to track improvement with treatment