Addax are Critically Endangered desert antelopes reduced to near-extinction in the wild. Zoos hold the majority of the global population and carry enormous conservation responsibility.
Addax welfare in captivity requires conditions that respect their desert adaptations — access to deep sand substrate for comfort and foot health, avoidance of cold wet conditions, and appropriate social grouping. Group sizes of 5-15 females with one or two males reflect natural herd structure. Addax are relatively hardy in captivity but suffer in cold, damp Northern European winters if shelter and heating are inadequate. Zoo welfare assessments should monitor hoof condition, reproductive success, and behavioral diversity.