Cat Polycystic Kidney Disease: Genetic Welfare

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary condition prevalent in Persian cats. Genetic testing of breeding cats has dramatically reduced its incidence.

Key Facts

PKD affects approximately 36-49% of Persian cats and related breeds (Exotic Shorthair, British Shorthair)
It is caused by a single autosomal dominant mutation (PKD1) — one copy is sufficient to cause disease
Cysts develop in the kidneys from birth and progressively enlarge, causing kidney failure typically in mid-life
Clinical signs appear late — often at 7-10 years when kidney failure is already advanced
A DNA test identifies affected cats before breeding — breeding only negative-tested cats eliminates the disease
PKD1-negative breeding programs have significantly reduced prevalence in participating breed registries

Welfare Considerations

PKD causes progressive, irreversible kidney failure — affected cats suffer from the growing burden of cyst development over years before clinical signs appear, and then experience the welfare harm of chronic kidney disease (nausea, weight loss, lethargy) as function declines. The genetic nature of the disease means that it is perpetuated by breeding affected cats — a preventable welfare harm repeated across generations. Mandatory PKD testing before breeding registration, as implemented by some breed clubs, has dramatically reduced disease prevalence and represents one of the most successful breed-specific welfare interventions in companion animals.

What You Can Do

Only acquire Persian or related breed kittens from breeders who test both parents for PKD1 negativity
If your cat has not been tested, request a buccal swab DNA test from your veterinarian
Advocate for mandatory PKD testing requirements in breed club registration rules
Support early screening ultrasound for adult Persians whose parents' test status is unknown