Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of middle-aged and older dogs, causing significant welfare impacts if unmanaged.
Cushing's disease causes a constellation of welfare-relevant changes that progressively worsen without treatment. Dogs become weak, uncomfortable, and prone to infections. The pot-belly appearance reflects muscle wasting and organ enlargement, not just fat deposition. Skin becomes fragile and calcinosis cutis (calcium deposits) can cause painful lesions. Behavioral changes including lethargy and increased anxiety are common. With appropriate medical management, many dogs achieve good quality of life for years. Monitoring requires regular blood tests and veterinary assessments. Owners need education about subtle signs of over- or under-treatment, as both carry significant welfare risks.