When wildlife comes into conflict with human interests, non-lethal deterrents and coexistence strategies offer effective alternatives to killing.
Lethal control of conflict wildlife is frequently ineffective in the long term because removed animals are quickly replaced by conspecifics from surrounding areas. Non-lethal coexistence strategies address the root cause of conflict by making livestock or crops less vulnerable rather than removing the predator. Investment in predator-proof enclosures, livestock guardian animals, and community-based monitoring programs produces durable reductions in conflict without the ecological and welfare costs of lethal removal.