Vaccination gaps in low-income communities create preventable suffering and death for companion animals and public health risks from diseases like rabies.
Vaccination is one of the highest-impact welfare interventions per dollar in companion animal care, yet access is deeply unequal. In underserved communities, dogs and cats die preventably from parvovirus, distemper, and rabies — diseases that are virtually unknown in well-vaccinated populations. These deaths involve significant suffering. The welfare and public health benefits of closing vaccination coverage gaps are large and well-established, making investment in accessible vaccination programs among the most cost-effective animal welfare interventions available.