Working breed dogs kept without the mental and physical stimulation their genetics demand experience chronic frustration and welfare problems that often manifest as behavioral issues.
Working breeds in inappropriate environments suffer from a mismatch between their genetic drives and their circumstances. A border collie confined to a small apartment with two daily walks is not living a poor life because its owner does not care — it is living a poor life because its breeding created needs that cannot be met in a typical companion context. Prospective owners of working breeds should honestly assess whether they can meet the exercise and mental stimulation needs of these animals before acquiring them. Breed choice affects welfare profoundly.