Atlantic cod in aquaculture face distinct welfare challenges including crowding, aggression, and slaughter methods that require urgent attention as the industry expands.
As cod aquaculture expands to relieve pressure on wild stocks, welfare standards must keep pace. Cod are aggressive, stress-sensitive fish whose behavioral needs — including space and shelter — are frequently unmet in commercial systems. Cannibalism at high densities causes physical injury; handling stress compromises immune function; and slaughter methods in many facilities cause unnecessary suffering. Welfare-focused regulation, stocking density limits, and mandatory pre-slaughter stunning represent priority reforms for this growing sector.