Ostriches and other ratites farmed for meat, leather, and feathers have specific welfare needs arising from their size, social structure, and natural behavior.
Ostrich welfare challenges arise primarily from housing unfamiliar individuals together and restricting running behavior. Ostriches are capable of running at 70 km/h and this locomotory drive creates frustration in confined spaces. Aggression including kicks can cause serious injury to both birds and handlers. Social management that maintains stable groups and provides adequate space significantly improves welfare outcomes. Feather plucking from living birds is stressful and the welfare case for alternatives is clear.