Kittens born in feral colonies face high mortality and welfare risks requiring targeted intervention.
Kitten welfare in feral colonies involves high mortality from multiple causes in early life. Targeted intervention — supplemental feeding for nursing mothers, veterinary care for injured kittens, and socialization of young-enough kittens — reduces this suffering. Kittens under 8 weeks still in the socialization window can be successfully domesticated through foster care; those older than 10-12 weeks typically cannot. TNR programs that trap nursing mothers separate from kittens cause severe welfare harm and should be avoided.