Komodo dragons are large, intelligent lizards with specific thermoregulation and territorial needs. Meeting their requirements in captivity requires specialised knowledge.
Komodo dragon welfare in captivity depends on meeting their thermoregulation requirements, providing adequate territory, and offering appropriate dietary and cognitive stimulation. As ectotherms, they require large basking areas with a significant temperature gradient — from hot basking spots to cooler retreat areas — to regulate body temperature behaviourally. Their intelligence and sensory capabilities (olfactory detection via tongue-flicking across large areas) benefit from enrichment including novel scent trails, varied prey presentations, and foraging challenges. Territorial behaviour means that housing multiple adults requires careful management. Zoo breeding programs contribute to conservation of this endangered species while providing welfare to individual animals.