As dogs age, their welfare needs change significantly. Understanding the health challenges and quality of life considerations for senior dogs enables better care.
Senior dog welfare requires active management of the multiple health changes that accompany ageing. Osteoarthritis is particularly significant: it is prevalent, painful, and chronically undertreated because owners and sometimes veterinarians attribute reduced activity and mobility to normal ageing rather than manageable pain. The welfare improvement available through appropriate pain management for arthritic senior dogs is enormous and accessible. Cognitive dysfunction syndrome requires environmental adaptation and behavioural support. Senior dogs also benefit from continued mental engagement that respects their physical limitations: gentle enrichment activities maintain quality of life even as physical activity decreases.