Drills are among the most endangered primates in Africa, found only in a small range across Nigeria and Cameroon. Conservation efforts and zoo management must address their complex social needs.
Drill welfare in captivity requires large, socially complex groups with appropriate gender ratios. These primates suffer when isolated or in groups too small to support natural social dynamics. Foraging enrichment that occupies much of the day, climbing structures, and hidden food provision are essential. Drills are sensitive to change and novel stimuli, requiring careful introduction protocols. Captive breeding programs must balance genetic diversity goals with individual welfare. Reintroduction potential makes captive welfare investment in drills particularly valuable for conservation outcomes.