Parrots and other companion birds have complex cognitive and social needs that are difficult to meet in typical household environments. Understanding these needs is essential for good welfare.
Companion parrot welfare is frequently severely compromised because their needs are far more complex than most owners anticipate. These animals require many hours of social interaction, flight opportunities, complex foraging challenges, and varied environmental stimulation. Solitary confinement in small cages, common in typical households, causes chronic stress leading to feather plucking, self-mutilation, and severe psychological distress. Welfare-optimal care includes a bonded companion bird of the same species, a large flight cage or aviary, daily free flight time, and many hours of social interaction. Many welfare scientists question whether companion bird keeping can ever meet parrot needs adequately.