Harbor seals are one of the most commonly displayed marine mammals in zoos and aquariums. Their welfare needs require careful attention to social environment, diet, enrichment, and medical care.
Harbor seals in captivity require pools with depth for diving, haul-out areas for resting, and enrichment that engages their problem-solving abilities. Positive reinforcement training — teaching voluntary behaviors for veterinary care — significantly improves welfare by reducing the need for chemical restraint. Social housing requires attention to individual compatibility, as dominance can lead to competition at feeding. Wild harbor seals that beach themselves are often brought to rehabilitation centers — these facilities must balance stress of handling with medical necessity. Disturbance of wild haul-out sites by humans represents a significant welfare and conservation concern.