Komodo dragons are the world's largest lizards, requiring specific thermal, spatial, and dietary conditions in captivity that are rarely fully met in zoo settings.
Komodo dragon welfare in captivity centers on thermal management and space. As ectotherms, their entire physiology is temperature-dependent — inadequate thermal gradient compromises digestion, immune function, and behavior. Metabolic bone disease from insufficient UV-B is a common and preventable welfare problem. Their large size and low-frequency feeding schedule mean that captive management must accommodate substantial space and infrequent but large prey items. Modern reptile exhibits that invest in appropriate thermal gradients and space produce significantly better welfare outcomes.