Pangasius (Basa or Tra catfish) is one of the most globally traded farmed fish, primarily from Vietnam, with welfare standards often far below those in European aquaculture markets.
Pangasius welfare in export-oriented Vietnamese aquaculture has improved through certification scheme pressure, but the majority of production uses practices that would not meet European welfare standards. Live slaughter without stunning is a primary welfare concern. Ammonia and dissolved oxygen management in high-density ponds affect chronic stress levels. Consumer demand for certified pangasius in European markets has been the primary driver of welfare improvement, demonstrating the power of purchasing decisions.