Otters in zoo settings require extensive water access, social housing, and foraging enrichment to support the welfare of these active, intelligent aquatic mammals.
Otter welfare in zoos varies substantially by species. Sea otters require highly specialized cold water systems and extensive veterinary support. River and Asian small-clawed otters are more manageable but still require substantial pool access, foraging enrichment, and for social species, appropriate group housing. The trend toward petting zoo experiences with Asian small-clawed otters is a welfare concern, as stress from frequent handling, disrupted social structures, and inadequate housing creates significant welfare compromise for these animals. Foraging enrichment that requires manipulative skill to access food engages their naturally dexterous forepaws and provides behavioral complexity.