Halibut aquaculture is a growing industry with significant welfare challenges related to the species unique biology as a flatfish that undergoes dramatic post-larval metamorphosis.
Farmed halibut welfare centers on several key challenges. Their metamorphosis phase is particularly sensitive — stress during this period causes malpigmentation and skeletal deformities. As benthic fish, they require appropriate substrate or resting areas in tanks; bare tank bottoms cause chronic stress. Crowding increases aggression and fin damage. Slaughter welfare is poorly standardized in halibut farming, with many facilities lacking effective stunning equipment calibrated for large flatfish. Water quality management is critical, as halibut are sensitive to ammonia and low oxygen.